Independent Control Spraying System for UAV-Based Precise Variable Sprayer: A Review

Pesticides are essential for removing plant pests and sustaining good yields on agricultural land. Excessive use has detrimental repercussions, such as the depletion of soil fertility proliferation immune insect species, Nilaparvata lunges Nezara viridula. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) variable-rate spraying offers a precise adaptable alternative strategy overcoming these challenges. This study explores research trends in application semi-automatic approaches land-specific platforms precision spraying. The employment an autonomous control system, together with selection hardware microcontrollers, sensors, pumps, nozzles, performance necessary to accomplish precision, UAV efficacy, flexibility meeting pesticide requirements. paper discusses implications ongoing developing research. comparison hardware, system approaches, data acquisition from parameters each is presented facilitate future Future incentivized continue variable rate development by combining it cropland mapping determine need pesticides, although strict limits amount make difficult achieve same, even though quality very beneficial.